Soil Types

Types include topsoil (the organic layer), clay, sand, claystone, sandstone, and siltstone.

TOPSOIL

Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually 5 to 10 inches in depth. It is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. Since soil strength decreases with the presence of organic matter, foundations are never placed on topsoil.

It is important to note that topsoil is a valuable resource. At the start of the development of a subdivision or individual lot, environmental regulations dictate that builders remove and stockpile the precious resource “topsoil” to be re-installed at the site after the construction is complete. This is the reason you often see large stockpiles of topsoil at building sites.

SAND AND GRAVEL

Sand and gravel are coarse-grained non-cohesive materials. When mixed with clay, sand can become cohesive.

SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.
SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.
SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.
SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.
SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.
SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.
SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.	SAND Copper liner with sample of sand excavated during drilling operations.
SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.	SAND AND GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of sand and gravel excavated during drilling operations.

CLAY

Clay is a fine-grained and cohesive material. Particles of clay are flat or plate-shaped rather than spherical such as silt and sand. Some types of clay have low to highly expansive properties.

CLAY Copper liner with sample of clay excavated during drilling operations.	CLAY WITH GRAVEL Copper liner with sample of clay with gravel excavated during drilling operations.	CLAY Copper liner with sample of sandy clay excavated during drilling operations.
CLAY Copper liner with sample of clay excavated during drilling operations.	CLAY Copper liner with sample of clay excavated during drilling operations.	CLAY Copper liner with sample of clay excavated during drilling operations.
CLAY Copper liner with sample of clay excavated during drilling operations.	CLAY Copper liner with sample of sandy clay excavated during drilling operations.

CLAYSTONE BEDROCK

Claystone is a very condensed form of clay. In its naturally occurring form, it often contains a small amount of silt and sand.

CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE
CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE	CLAYSTONE